When you need to buy a transformer, you have two options: liquid-filled transformers or dry-type transformers. Both serve important purposes, but each has unique pros and cons you should consider before choosing. Transformers are a major investment, and you need to make sure you’re buying the right equipment.
In this article, we’ll look at several important factors that will help you make an informed decision that meets all of your needs.
Low v. high voltage
Your voltage needs should be the first consideration. A liquid transformer is ideal for high voltage, while a dry transformer is a better choice for lower voltage.
Longevity
It goes without saying that you want your transformer to last as long as possible, and that’s one reason people choose dry-types. When made with the highest quality insulation, dry-types will outlast liquid transformers.
Most liquid transformers will come with a one-year warranty, which is nice, but if something happens after that first year, you’ll be out of luck. A good manufacturer will stand by their transformers.
For example, the dry-type transformers made by ELSCO come with a five-year warranty against normal wear and tear. The company hasn’t had a single transformer fail prematurely due to workmanship, quality, design, or material defects since 1988. That’s an amazing track record.
If you have to choose between liquid-type transformers and dry-type transformers, longevity is a strong argument in favor of the dry-type.
Cost
Your budget will ultimately influence the transformer you buy but don’t automatically assume that more expensive units are better. A less expensive transformer might serve all of your needs in ways that more expensive ones can’t, so don’t make the price tag your final deciding factor.
Liquid transformers are usually cheaper than dry-types, for example. That doesn’t necessarily mean you should get a dry-type for your application. If you need to convert high voltage, for example, you’ll have to use a liquid-cooled transformer.
You also don’t want to assume that cheaper transformers are the better deal. Not every manufacturer will create an equal transformer even if you’re not looking at liquid vs. dry.
Space restrictions
If you’re limited in terms of space, you may need a liquid transformer since they tend to be more compact. However, dry-type transformers can also be small, but it depends on the model and your voltage conversion needs.
You’ll want a dry-type for tight spaces indoors since it’s too dangerous to house a liquid transformer indoors. However, a liquid transformer might be right for you if your space is outdoors.
Liquid v. Dry-Type Transformers: Efficiency
Efficient transformers are ideal because they don’t waste much energy. Converting voltage naturally results in lost electrical energy as it passes from the primary to the secondary winding, but efficient transformers minimize this loss.
Dry-type transformers can be moderately efficient with the right construction but not as much as liquid transformers. Liquid transformers are typically more efficient than dry-type transformers because they’re smaller and require less energy to convert voltage. However, efficiency may not be your priority if you have other, more important needs.
The other efficiency factor to consider is how well a transformer manages heat dissipation. Liquid-filled transformers can dissipate heat better than dry-types, so they’re better suited for high-voltage applications. However, buying a dry-type made with superior insulation materials, like Nomex and copper, will dissipate heat much better than other options.
Installation location
Although it’s not the only factor, if your transformer needs to be indoors, you’ll want dry-type dry-type transformers. Liquid-cooled transformers are more prone to fires and explosions, making them a serious indoor hazard.
Liquid v. Dry-Type Transformers: Safety
Although liquid transformers are safer when installed outside, they still carry the same risk of fire and explosion. It’s just that being placed outside means there’s less danger to human beings. If you choose a liquid transformer, be sure to get some kind of fire suppression system as well so you don’t end up with a major disaster.
Liquid v. Dry-Type Transformers: Impact on the environment
Liquid-filled transformers can leak toxic chemicals into the ground after an accident. Since it’s common for power poles to be knocked over, it’s always a possibility. Liquid transformers are also prone to leaks, and you’ll need to have some kind of containment system in place. Dry-type transformers don’t contain toxic, flammable chemicals, and since they don’t use liquid, there’s nothing to spill in case of damage.
Which should you choose?
Don’t buy the first transformer you find. Before investing your money, consider these factors so you can make a decision that best meets your needs.
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