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Swearing in the Workplace

By Edward Cone on 2010-07-12


President Barack Obama said on national television that the massive Gulf oil spill had him pondering "whose ass to kick." It was not exactly paint-peeling, Pattonesque stuff, especially considering what’s said across pop culture in this day and age, but it proved an eyebrow-raiser nonetheless in many quarters, and the catalyst for a national conversation on appropriate language by executives. Harvard Business Review blogger Dan McGinn kicked off a lively comment thread at the site with a post titled, "Should Leaders Ever Swear?" The ur-text in this area is a 2007 research paper by Yehuda Baruch and Stuart Jenkins of the University of East Anglia, entitled "Swearing at work and permissive leadership culture: When anti-social becomes social and incivility is acceptable," originally published in the Leadership and Organizational Development Journal. The authors, who did on-site, undercover research within a company, argue for "the relevance, and even the importance, of using non-conventional and sometimes uncivil language in the workplace."
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Swearing can let workers "better express their feelings, to develop social relationships, or to signal solidarity."—Baruch & Jenkins

Another benefit: Swearing can "be instrumental for release of stress."—Baruch & Jenkins

"The question of whether or not to be permissive to this phenomenon is a clear leadership challenge."—Baruch & Jenkins

Bad outcomes: "Bullying is a verbal aggressive behavior, which was found to carry adverse effects on organizational dynamics."—Baruch & Jenkins

"Taboo language should be unacceptable for staff working in areas where they can be heard (or overheard) by customers."—Baruch & Jenkins

Types of swearing include "social swearing" and "annoyance swearing."—Baruch & Jenkins

"Social swearing is used conversationally in order to help define interpersonal relationships."—Baruch & Jenkins

"Annoyance swearing provides a 'relief mechanism' for the release of stress and tension and replaces primitive physical aggression."—Baruch & Jenkins

"Within a close-knit work group, swearing has been shown to often be used as a form of positive politeness."—Baruch & Jenkins

"If you’re worried about which laid-off employee is going to show up with a semi-automatic and shoot up the office, be wary of thenon-swearers". Quoted in the B&J report

"A double standard is applied to males and females."—Baruch & Jenkins

"Younger managers and professionals were found to be more permissive in what they accept as ethical behavior."—Baruch & Jenkins

"A ban on swear words may work against the possibility of developing self-managed teams."—Baruch & Jenkins

"In a litigious society, firms must be aware of the dangers posed by language which causes discrimination or harassment."—Baruch & Jenkins

"We've learned to communicate in 140 characters. We can express ourselves without profanity."—Promod Sharma, HBR moderator

"When a boss swears it sends the message that the boss is one of us, but more dangerously that the boss has less control than previously imagined." —Derek Abdinor, HBR comment

"Leaders are human and followers know that. Be real, but be effective because everyone loves a bad ass leader that gets things done."—Gaza Alcius, HBR comment

"There's a difference between lesser profanities and more 'nuclear-grade' ones."—HBR's Dan McGinn

"This may be an Aussie thing but, not only should leaders swear but they should be forced to prove they can do it without sounding like an ass."—Martin Musgrave, HBR comment

"We wish to apologize to readers who may find the use of swear words offensive. Such usage is not typical in academic writing."—Baruch & Jenkins

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